工业削减电动汽车充电线

对无线充电的主要绊脚石 - 功率损耗和充电时间缓慢 - 需要解决

汽车制造商和市政府正在测试新技术,使得可以提供嵌入在人行道中的无线充电站或甚至在人孔盖中 - 从而从电动车上取下电源线。

明年,纽约市的一些人孔盖将作为配备无线接收器的电动汽车的无线充电站翻一番。

Also in 2014,丰田计划测试日本,欧洲和美国的无线充电普锐乌斯

汽车电子巨头德尔福合作了用卫星,第一家公司创建无线车辆充电垫,是如何为能够使用的混合动力和全电动车辆(EVS)的技术。

混合动力和电动汽车也开始流行起来,consumers also want them to be as simple to power up as gas-fueled cars and trucks. One way to do that is to remove the charging wires and have the vehicles recharge simply by parking over a wireless charger. Imagine, for example, delivery trucks that never need to refuel because there are "green zone" parking spaces that offer automated wireless charging.

据研究公司IHS汽车,快速充电技术,如卫星和纽约市的HEVO,正在推动电动车充电市场的增长。

The number of wireless charging stations established worldwide is expected to climb by a factor of more than 100 from 2012 to 2020, according to IHS Automotive. Fast-charging stations for EVs are set to reach 199,000 locations globally in 2020, up from just 1,800 last year.

同时,这些站的数量预计将在2013年到5,900岁以上超过三倍,然后在2014年近三倍至15,200人。总体增长将以2020年的快速发展,“IHS在其报告中表示。

Hevo的Manhole封面充电器

New York's无线充电垫井- 来自城市自己的启动技术HEVO Power-- are part of a pilot project that will be rolled out in the Washington Square Park area in early 2014.

HEVO代表混合动力和电动汽车优化,与纽约大学合作,并将使用两辆无线装备的智能电动汽车来测试人孔充电器的实用性和效率。

HEVO, however, is focused on the bigger business of powering commercial electric fleets owned by companies such as Frito-Lay and Pepsi.

Hevo的无线充电的曼霍尔停车位可能看起来像纽约市。(照片:HEVO电源)

与汽车的所有无线充电技术一样,HEVO的Manhole覆盖通过电磁共振工作,这使得充电线圈与配备有无线充电线圈的汽车之间的磁性连接。

HevoryStahl,Hevo的首席营销官Gregory Stahl的说法,HEVO还从圣莫尼卡市和旧金山获得了旧金山的景点,并没有承诺。

HEVO没有透露其无线充电人孔盖的成本,但表示,该技术将在价格上涨3,500至5,000美元之间的价格上的其他系统竞争。

One major stumbling block to widespread EV adoption is the length of time it takes to recharge vehicle batteries.

虽然加油燃气车辆需要几分钟,但由于Alastair Hayfield,Alastair Hayfield,Alastair Hayfield,EVS的充电时间约为24千瓦时(千瓦时)的24千瓦小时(千瓦时)的电池大约四小时IHS汽车研究总监。这样的电池将在标准尺寸经济型汽车上工作,如日产叶

“如果EV汽车制造商可以克服这种障碍,它可能会导致来自环保的消费者的高度采用,以及寻求削减汽油费用的人。这是快速充电的地方,”阿拉斯坦在最近的IHS报告中表示。

根据Stahl的说法,HEVO单位与EV车队使用的2级充电插入站,通常需要八到12小时来充电。“我们可以比许多无线竞争对手更快地收取三倍,最多三次距离,”他说。

“无论电池容量如何,这些数字保持不变,”Stahl在电子邮件回复到ComputerWorld时表示。

WiTricity's charging technology offers up to 25kW, with the company's systems for passenger cars outputting from 3.3kW to 6 kW while systems for fleets and small buses are in the 10kW to 25kW range.

WiTricity claims it takes the same amount of time to charge a vehicle wirelessly as it would plugging it in, which in a passenger car with a dead battery is nominally four hours.

然而,一个新兴技术是快速充电系统,其提供高压DC电荷而不是较慢的AC电荷。根据Hayfield的说法,通过快速充电站,车辆可以在短短20分钟内充满电。“这可能是迈向在加油方面往往相当于(气体供电)车辆的重要一步,”Hayfield说。

为电动汽车设计的一个快速充电标准是CHAdeMO。The major proponents of the technology are Japanese automakers, including Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, and Japanese industrial giants such as Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. and Tokyo Electric Power Co. to name a few.

Worldwide adoption

根据IHS汽车的说法,运营中有多达2,445个Chademo快速充电器,以及世界各地的超过57,000名柴气兼容的EV,占道路上所有EV的80%。EVS的最高浓度来自日产叶的形式,三菱I-Miev和本田Fit Ev等。

对HEVO的无线充电人孔的描述(来源:HEVO电源)

Hayfield指出,快速充电和无线充电是两个明显不同的技术。

“超越了无线的更长的充电时间......还有许多其他因素,使其采用长期趋势,”Hayfield说无线充电。

无线收费必须克服的障碍是它目前不在生产中;它必须添加售后市场。此外,Hayfield表示,磁性线圈充电系统增加了车辆的重量和成本。

“公共审判现在只刚刚开始。在现实世界中,存在安全性和干扰问题,”她补充道。

此外,虽然无线充电应该为EV业主添加一级方便,但“最多的插入不是一个主要问题,”Hayfield说。

效率是关键,尺寸很重要

无线充电的另一个缺点是功率损耗。通过两个铜线圈之间的空气转移电气意味着一些功率将消耗。

根据Stahl的说法,Hevo的无线充电装置的电力传输效率超过了12英寸的分离。

Eric Giler, WiTricity's CEO, said anything under 90% end-to-end efficiency should not be acceptable.

“考虑一下。如果你正在转让10,000瓦,如果你的效率为85%,那么你不断浪费1500瓦的电力。即使在90%时,你仍然浪费了10,000瓦。这是很多能源浪费,“他说。

HEVO's Power Station technology comes in three parts: a power transmitter - a coil that can be embedded in the pavement or an object; a receiver in a vehicle and a手机app. The app can be used to find wireless charging parking spaces, and can also tell the driver when the vehicle is aligned properly for charging.

HEVO的发电站在220伏的220伏特中传输,可电源最多10千瓦,用于为车辆充电。铜线线圈越大,可以传递的功率越多。

Witricity,最初是麻省理工学院的研究项目,在科学家们证明他们可以使用两个铜线线圈以产生磁场并无线动力电源。迄今为止,该公司已获得超过4000万美元的风险投资资金,最后一轮由丰田引领。

Today, the company licenses its technology to equipment makers in the consumer, healthcare, industrial and automotive markets. By far, Giler said, the largest markets are consumer and automotive. Along with Delphi and Toyota,三菱也有合作伙伴用厕所开发充电垫。

Witricity的3,300瓦无线充电垫(源:卫星)。

移动技术公司高通公司还宣布,其光环无线充电技术将用于测试伦敦各地的EVS,并为公式E赛车赛道的安全车充电。

Qualcomm's Halo pads would charge a car as long as a driver pulls to within eight or nine inches of the charging pad. An indicator on the vehicle's dashboard signals when the charger is engaged.

随着Qualcomm,Delphi和Siemens在伙伴关系中开发电感充电技术,包括可放置在车库或停车位的垫子。

西门子估计充电垫和车载充电线圈的安装成本将运行约2,000美元,大约是有线充电器的两倍。

How wireless charging works (Image: WiTriCity)

竞争标准

与任何新生行业一样,有竞争标准及其联盟。

目前,无线充电业分为三个标准化营地,每个标准化营地都是由市场领导者竞争主导地位的领导者。

例如,Qualcomm和三星是无线电力(A4WP)联盟的创始人,它与无线电力联盟(WPC)和电源事务联盟(PMA)竞争。但是,公司正在审核他们的投注,有时是一个联盟的成员,同时仍然使用另一个技术。例如,WPC支持在诺基亚,三星和LG产品中使用的广泛采用的QI(发音为“CHEE”)标准。

There are two forms of wireless charging: magnetic induction, which is the most prominent, and magnetic resonance.

Both charging techniques use the same basic technology. Alternating current in a transmitter coil generates a magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the receiver coil.

然而,磁感应充电技术要求充电的设备与充电表面接触,例如充电垫。这导致更大的功率转移效率。领先的充电垫供应商已成为Duracell的PowerMat技术。

Magnetic resonance charging, like WiTricity's or HEVO's, allows an enabled device to be placed up to several feet away from a power source for charging. However, the closer the receiver and transmission coils are to each other, the better the charging efficiency.

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WiTricity has created more than a half-dozen prototypes for its wireless charging technology. The tech can be used to charge smartphones, TVs, entire rooms of equipment and even electric cars at relatively long distances.

本文,行业移动以拉上电动汽车的插头,最初发表在computerworld.com.

卢卡斯奶园涵盖储存,灾难恢复和业务连续性,金融服务基础设施和医疗保健为计算机世界。在推特上关注卢卡斯@lucasearianor subscribe toLucas's RSS feed。His e-mail address islmearian@computerworld.com.

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