有两党的努力自动为硕士学位及以上的科学，技术，工程和数学，所谓的茎学位提供绿卡。H-1B签证尚未消失，其使用将是绿卡辩论的一部分。这是有关正在发生的事情的问答指南。
华盛顿 - 有两党的立法促使立法自动为获得硕士学位及以上的学生提供绿卡，技术，技术，工程和数学，所谓的STEM学位。
在过去的两个星期中，参议院提出了三张绿卡茎法案。房子里已经有账单。
All these bills agree that the U.S. should make it easy for a foreign student who earns an advanced STEM degree to remain in this country. But the bills disagree on key points.
For instance, some bills restrict green cards or permanent residency to graduates of research universities, while others allow STEM advance degree grads from any school. Some billscap green cards at 55,000，其中包括家属，而其他人则没有上限。已经提出了将自动绿卡限制为博士学位的建议。只有学生。
STEM高级毕业生永久居留的支持者，包括巴拉克·奥巴马总统，认为美国需要这些学生在技术领域保持世界领先。
批评家警告说，绿卡计划可能会通过增加工作竞争以及促进年龄歧视来伤害美国工人。
根据国家科学基金会的数据，外国学生占所有工程博士学位的57％，所有计算机科学学位的54％和2009年的物理博士学位的51％。2009年，有168,900名外国学生参加了科学和工程研究生课程。
立法者在H-1B签证中的兴趣尚未消失，其使用将成为绿卡辩论的一部分。
Here's a Q&A guide to what's going on with the H-1B visa and green card in Congress:
提高H-1B帽的推动发生了什么？
Demand for H-1B visas fell with the recession and there's been little pressure to raise the 85,000 limit. But demand is picking up. The U.S. has received 58,000 visa petitions so far for the fiscal year that begins Oct. 1.
H-1B签证是否受到立法者的青睐？
Yes and no. In the Senate, Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) controls immigration legislation as head of the Immigration, Refugees and Border Security Subcommittee. The H-1B visa has created "multinational temp agencies" says Schumer. But he supports of H-1B visa use by U.S.-based tech companies.
在美国众议院，美国众议员拉马尔·史密斯（R-Texas）控制着移民，担任众议院司法委员会主席。史密斯表达了兴趣in raising the H-1B cap without raising the H-1B cap. He could accomplish this by removing some non-tech occupations from the H-1B program, such as fashion models, pastry chefs, dancers, social workers and photographers. This will free up work visas for IT workers.
Will the H-1B cap be raised this year?
Not likely. Industry backers are more worried about new restrictions being imposed on the visa. There is concern that fallout from a federal probe into work visa use by Indian offshore giant Infosys could boost Sen. Chuck Grassley's (R-Iowa) longstanding effort to impose H-1B restrictions.
Infosys的调查源于一名雇员提起的诉讼，该雇员在拒绝帮助公司获得签证后声称骚扰。这个问题是真正的通配符。
Who supports STEM green cards for advance degree graduates?
The support is bipartisan. Just this week, U.S. Senators Jerry Moran (R-Kan.) and Mark Warner (D-Va.), along with Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) and Chris Coons (D-Del.) introduced Startup Act 2.0 (a revised bill of something introduced last year.), that would create make green cards available for advance degree stem grads.
Earlier this month, Coons had co-sponsored a green card STEM bill with Sens. Lamar Alexandar (R-Tenn.). Also introducing agreen card比尔本月是约翰·科恩（R-Texas）。
在美国房屋中，有许多绿卡茎账单，但对此却不那么两党。
U.S. Rep Zoe Lofgren introduced a Democrat-only绿卡账单。美国众议员劳尔·拉布拉多（R-Idaho）复制了其中的一部分，然后引入了共和党版本的洛夫格伦法案。洛夫格伦称政治环境”有毒的。”
绿卡账单做什么？
它们允许STEM毕业生避免使用H-1B签证并申请永久居留权。
这些账单会增加绿卡的总数吗？
美国每年提供140,000个基于就业的签证。
立法者正在考虑确保绿卡直接进入STEM毕业的方法，而无需提高整体签证计数。一种方法是消除“多样性彩票”。美国为赢得彩票的人提供55,000张绿卡。
有些立法者反对法律移民的任何增加，因此该掉期提议旨在赢得他们的支持。另一种方法是创建一个专门针对STEM级别的全新签证，这可能会增加基于就业的签证。
Who will be eligible for STEM green cards?
Technically, it is anyone who earns an advance degree in science, technology, engineering and math from a U.S. university.
But what exactly is a STEM degree?
如果学生获得工程学的本科学位，然后获得MBA学位，那么该人是否应该有资格在STEM计划下获得绿卡？定义茎学位的内容尚未确定。
All the bills, however, require that a visa candidate first get a job in a STEM field before being eligible for a green card.
What is a STEM field?
Will an application and support job at an IT services firm qualify as a STEM job and automatically eligible for permanent residency? Congress has yet to define how this program will work.
哪些学校有资格？
Determining what type of school is eligible may become one of the most controversial aspects of any STEM green card bill. Some lawmakers want to limit a STEM green card to students who graduate from Ph.D.-granting institutions that also receive research funding from the National Science Foundation.
Others bills have no restrictions on what colleges are eligible. Critics warn of for-profit colleges creating diploma mills for green card students. If that scenario unfolds, U.S. workers, particularly entry level graduates, may face increase competition for jobs. Older workers, already concerned about age discrimination in IT, will also raise concerns.
国会期望做什么？
More bills are likely. Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) is believed to be planning a STEM bill.
但是，至少在选举之前，今年赢得绿卡板法案的几率似乎很低。
议员们没有解决这些法案基础的许多基本问题，而全面的移民改革的支持者成功地反对法案，这些法案因担心失去政治支持而破坏了移民改革。
Senators also have enormous power to thwart initiatives. Sen. Grassley, who is among the most ardent critics of work visa programs, will want reform concessions from the tech industry.
Last November, the House approved "Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act" (H.R. 3012) by a bipartisan landslide of 389 votes. This bill, which eliminates每个国家 /地区绿卡帽, has the best chance of winning approval by Congress this year. But the legislation has been hung up in the Senate, thanks to a hold placed on it by Grassley.
每个国家的上限试图确保美国移民池的多样化，为人们（尤其是来自印度）的人们创造了多年的等待时间，寻求永久居留权。该法案将创建全球等待名单，缩短某些国家 /地区的人们的等待，并为其他国家提供更长的等待。
Who are the most important people on this issue?
In the Senate, it is Sen. Chuck Schumer and in the House, U.S. Rep. Lamar Smith.
If Smith and Schumer can reach an agreement then anything is possible.
史密斯可能会反对任何绿卡的扩张，这可能会使多样性彩票对他有吸引力。但是，舒默可能不愿改变他支持的多样性签证彩票。格拉斯利的支持也可能需要。
Read more about gov't legislation/regulation在计算机世界的政府/法规主题中心中。
This story, "FAQ: The new push in Congress to increase STEM visas" was originally published by计算机世界 。